Prospective students searching for Where to Find Free Apple Computer Courses, Seminars and Tutorials found the following information relevant and useful.Computer Overview - Learn computer fundamental concepts in simple and easy steps starting from Overview, Applications, Generations, Types, Components, CPU, Input. “It is said that to explain is to explain away. This maxim is nowhere so well fulfilled as in the area of computer programming, especially in what is called. CS Fundamentals Unplugged We've compiled a list of all of our unplugged lessons for you to use in your classroom. Now you can teach the fundamentals of computer. Regular Expressions Tutorial. Comprehensive resource covering basic to advanced uses of regex. Includes regex cheat sheet, tools, books and tricks. Unit - 2 : Computer Hardware Fundamentals. OUTPUT/DISPLAY DEVICES Output devices are hardware components which are used to display or print the processed information. Output devices include monitor (display screen), printer, plotter, speaker, computer output microfilm etc. 2. Monitor. Monitor is commonly known as Visual Display Unit (VDU) and it is the main output device of a computer. It forms images from tiny dots, called pixels that are arranged in a rectangular form. The sharpness of the image depends upon the number of pixels. There are different kinds of monitors depending upon the number of pixels. Depending upon the resolution monitors can be classified as follows: CGA (Colour Graphics Adapter)MDA (Monochrome Display Adapter)HGA (Hercules Graphics Adapter)EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter)VGA (Video Graphics Adapter)SVGA (Super Video Graphics Adapter)Depending upon the colour of display, monitors can be classified as Monochrome (with single colour black/white display) and colour (with all colours display) monitors. Printer. Printer is the most important output device which is used to print information on paper. There are two types of printers. Our Computer Science Fundamentals courses have about 15 lessons that may be implemented as one unit or over the course of a semester. Students create computer. Not many people talk about serious Windows privilege escalation which is a shame. I think the reasons for this are probably (1) during pentesting engagements a low. Computer Fundamentals Tutorial for Beginners - Learn computer fundamental concepts in simple and easy steps starting from Overview, Applications, Generations, Types. Impact Printers. Non- Impact Printersa) Impact Printers: The printers that print the characters by striking against the ribbon and onto the paper are called impact printers. Impact printers are of two types. Character Printers. Line Printersi) Character Printers: These printers print one character at a time. These printers are of two types – Daisy Wheel Printers and Dot Matrix Printers. Daisy Wheel Printers: These printers print the characters by a mechanism that uses a plastic or metal hub with spokes called daisy wheel. Dot Matrix Printers: These printers print the characters by putting dots onto the paper. Line Printers: These printers print one line at a time. Their printing speed is much more than character printers. They are of two types – Drum Printers and Chain Printers. Drum Printers: These printers print the line by rotating drum having a ring of characters for each print position. Chain Printers: These printers print the line by rotating chain having ring characters for each print position. Non- Impact Printers: The printers that print the characters without striking against the ribbon and onto the paper are called Non- Impact Printers. These printers print a complete page at a time. Hence they are also called Page Printers. Non- Impact Printers are of two types. Laser Printers Inkjet Printers(i) Laser Printers: These printers look and work like photocopier. They are based on laser technology. In these printers, a laser beam is used to write the image on a paper. There are many models of laser printers depending upon the speed and number of dots printed.(ii) Inkjet printers: These printers print the characters by spraying the paper with electrically charged ink. These printers give better quality than character printers but not better than laser printers. They have an option of using colour cartridges for multi- colour printing. Other Output Devices Plotter: Plotter is used to print high quality graphics and drawings. It is generally used for printing/drawing graphical images such as charts, drawings, maps etc. Some important types of plotters are: a) Flat Bed Plotters: These plotters print the graphical images by moving the pen on stationary flat surface material. Drum Plotters: These plotters print graphical images by moving both the pen and the drum having paper. Inkjet Plotters: These plotters use inkjet in place of pen. They are faster than flat bed plotters and can print multi- coloured large drawings. Speaker: Speakers are popular output devices used with computer systems. They receive audio input from the computer’s sound card and produce audio output in the form of sound waves. Most computer speakers are active speakers i. Speakers usually come in pairs which allows them to produce stereo sound from two separate audio channels. Computer Output Microfilm: COM is a technique to produce output on a microfilm media. A microfilm is a continuous film strip that can store several thousands of document pages. A microfilm card is a 4x. The process of producing microfilm or microfiche takes place on a special COM unit. The information recorded on the microfilm is read with the help of a microfilm viewing system. STORAGE DEVICES Memory units are the internal storage areas of a computer. The term “memory” refers to data storage that comes in the form of chips and the word “storage” is used for memory that exists on tapes or disks. The term memory is usually used as a short form for physical memory which refers to the actual chips capable of holding data. Every computer comes with a certain amount of physical memory usually referred to as the main (primary) memory or the Random Access Memory (RAM). The term RAM refers to read and write memory, that is, you can both write data into RAM and read data from RAM. Most RAM is volatile, which means that it requires a steady flow of electricity to maintain its contents. As soon as the power is turned off, whatever data was in RAM is lost. Read- only memory (ROM) refers to computer memory on which data has been prerecorded. Once data has been written onto a ROM chip, it cannot be removed and can only be read. Unlike the main memory (RAM), ROM retains its contents even when the computer is turned off. Hence it is nonvolatile. Most personal computers contain a small amount of ROM that holds instructions for starting up the computer. There are different storage devices which are known as secondary memory devices. These devices are helpful in storing data, information and software permanently and they can be retrieved whenever required. They are also useful in transferring data or programs from one computer to another. Many storage devices are used with micro computers. Some of the common storage devices are explained below. Hard Disk: Hard disk is a magnetic disk on which you can store computer data. The term hard is used to distinguish it from a soft or floppy disk. Hard disks hold more data and are faster than floppy disks. Hard disk is fixed inside the computer and is not easily removable. Hard disk consists of one or more disk platters, an access mechanism and read/ write heads which are sealed in a case. Hard disk size depends upon the disk platter’s diameter. There are many different platter sizes (5½, 3½, 2½ inch etc.) The 3½ inch size platter is common with PCs and 2½ inch with laptop/ portable computers. There are different types of hard disks depending upon their storage capacities. Storage capacities of hard disks range from 1. MB to several GBs. Floppy Disk: Floppy Disk (FD) is a storage device which is small, flexible and easily removable. It is made of plastic disk coated with magnetic material which is sealed inside a square plastic jacket. It is called “Floppy” because it is soft having flexible physical properly. Data can be written on or read from this floppy by a drive called Floppy Disk Drive (FDD) which is fixed inside the computer. There are different types of floppies depending upon their sizes and storage capacities. Floppies come in two basic sizes namely 5¼" and 3½". The storage capacity of floppies varies from 3. KB to 1. 4. 4 MB. The floppies can store data on both sides (double- sided floppies) or on single side (single- sided floppies) depending on the floppy drive Double sided floppy drives are most commonly used. Compact Disk: Compact Disk (CD) is a storage device used to store data, information and software which can be read only and not be changed or erased. It is an optical read only memory made up of resin. Therefore it is actually called Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CD- ROM). The information is stored on CDs by using an expensive drive called CD- ROM drive. CD- ROM drives can be either internal or external. A single CD- ROM has the storage capacity of 7. Compact disks are very popular storage devices for micro computers because a large number of software including multimedia, audio and graphics software are available on these disks. They can be store a large volume of data (upto 6. MB) which is almost the same as a storage capacity of a 6. MB hard disk. WORM (Write- once Read- many) is a type of compact disk which can be recorded only once and not erased. It can store more data than a CD- ROM, generally measured in gigabytes. Digital Versatile Disk: Digital versatile disk read only memory (DVD- ROM) is a read only digital versatile disk commonly used for storing large software applications. It is similar to compact disk read only memory (CD- ROM) but has a large capacity. A DVD- ROM stores around 4. GB of data whereas a CD- ROM usually stores 6. MB of data. A DVD- ROM permanently stores data files that cannot be changed, written over or erased. A personal computer with a DVD- ROM or a DVD- RAM drive is designed to read a DVD- ROM disk. Generally a DVD- ROM disk is not equipped to be used with a DVD drive connected to a home theatre system or television. But many DVD- ROM drives can generally read a DVD movie disk. Compared to a CD- ROM, a DVD- ROM has the same 5 inch diameter and 1. But because a DVD- ROM uses a shorter wave length laser with tighter compacted pits, the disk capacity is increased. The smallest DVD- ROM can store approximately 7 times more data than a CD- ROM. Pen Drive: Pen drive is a portable device which allows user to transfer data (text, images, videos etc) to and from computer quickly. Users can easily read and write the data in the pen drive by plugging it into USB port on the computer. Pen drives are quite compact and fit easily into the pocket. They run without battery and draw power from the USB connection itself. Both floppy disks and compact disks are now being gradually replaced by pen drive as preferred means of data storage. It offers mass data transfer and storage capability and at a much faster rate. Storage capacity of Pen Drive can vary from few megabytes to over 1.
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